'Take a small flat head screwdriver and after you put the memory in slot 0, put the screwdriver between the top of the mac mini and the memory then turn the screwdriver a little to exert pressure on the memory into the slot.

  1. The Mac mini (marketed and branded with lowercase 'mini') is a small desktop computer case manufactured by Apple Inc. One of four desktop computers in the current Macintosh lineup, along with the iMac, Mac Pro, and iMac Pro, it uses many components usually featured in laptops to achieve its small size.
  2. Mac mini and the Environment. Apple takes a complete product life cycle approach to determining our environmental impact. Mac mini is designed with the following features to reduce its environmental impact.

I have a Macintosh mini and here are usually my ideas about the internal speaker. If you just need it the stárt-up chime, system beeps, IM notices it will function good. If you program to pay attention to any music or play video games you will want earphones or a pair of speakers. The Mac mini's internal speaker and the term 'audiophile' should not be used in the exact same sentence. Even if you are usually not really associating the two.

They simply should not really be that near jointly under any conditions. If there is usually a method to decrease to the quantity of that inner loudspeaker I would including to know how, as thé startup chime will be rather loud. Edit: Thanks a lot debroglie.

Contents. Overview A personal computer had happen to be broadly speculated and requested very long before the launch of the Mac pc mini. Rumors forecasted that the 'headIess iMac' would be extremely small, include no display, and would be positioned as Apple's entry-level desktop computer pc. On January 10, 2005, the Mac mini was announced alongside the át the and was defined by Apple company CEO at the period as 'the cheapest, almost all affordable Mac actually'.

Its case assessed 2.0 × 6.5 × 6.5 ins (51 × 165 × 165 mm). The Macintosh mini is an entry-level personal computer intended for budget-minded customers. Until the 2011 discharge, the Mac pc mini acquired much much less processing strength than the other computers of the Macs collection. Unlike regular desktop computer systems, which use standard-sized elements like as 3.5-inches and full-sizé 's, Apple usés lower-power Iaptop components in thé Mac mini tó fit all thé necessary components intó the small casé and to prévent overheating. Earlier, with the selection of parts on the older models, the device was regarded as considerably slower than standard desktop computers. It furthermore had less storage and storage than equivalent desktops. Nevertheless, the 2011 upgrade addressed many of these previous issues.

In common, the Mac mini provides become praised as a relatively affordable computer with a strong range of features. However, numerous also acknowledge that it is relatively pricey for a personal computer targeted at the lower section of the market. It is definitely probable to purchase small computers at the same cost with faster processors, much better graphics cards, more storage, and more storage. The little size provides produced the Mac pc mini especially popular as a home theater solution. In add-on, its dimension and reliability has assisted keep resale values high. On Oct 22, 2009, Apple presented a fresh server edition of the Macintosh mini along with changes of the pc. This model experienced a second hard drive instead of an optical commute, and had been promoted as an affordable machine for little companies and colleges.

On August 15, 2010, Apple company launched the third-generation Macintosh mini. The fresh model had been slimmer, with a aluminium case made to end up being easily opened for RAM accessibility, and included upgraded equipment, like as an HDMI port and Nvidia graphics. It also incorporated an internal. An update announced July 20, 2011, decreased the internal Compact disc/DVD optical commute from all variations (note: the Mid-2010 Machine models certainly not had an optical get) and introduced a interface, Intel processor, and either Intel incorporated images or AMD dedicated graphics. The Machine model had been upgraded to a quád-core Intel processor. Quad-core i7 CPUs were also utilized in the past due-2012 desktop Macintosh mini computer systems. In Oct 2014, Apple rejuvenated the range, including Haswell CPUs, improving the images, decreasing the base-model cost by $100.

The just shift to the entire body had been the removal of the two holes used to open the case, as the Ram memory had been no more upgradable because it had been soldered to the logic board; this concept is identical to the Retina MacBook Pro, the MacBook Air flow and the Mid 2014 21.5-inches iMac. On Oct 30, 2018, after four yrs, the Mac pc mini got a refresh. With this emerged major specification upgrades, new colours, and a change to all-flash storage. The was enhanced to a baseline of 8 Gigabyte, and a maximum of 64 GB of. This displays Apple's tendency back toward user-upgradé-ability in théir desktop computer models. The storage space was transformed to a baseline 128 GB of flash storage space, with a utmost of 2 TB. It has 10 Gigabyte, 2.0, a headphone jack port, 2 USB 3.1, and 4 Thunderbolt 3 slots.

The had been upgraded to the 5.0 regular, and the Mac itself has been made accessible in space gray. The baseline retail cost is $799 USD. Mac mini 2010 The nearly all notable feature of the Mac pc mini will be its size. The unique design scored only 2.0 × 6.5 × 6.5 ins (51 × 165 × 165 mm).

The external of the first Macintosh mini has been produced of light weight aluminum capped with polycarbonate plastic on the top and bottom level. The original design had no visible anchoring screws and was not designed to end up being improved by the user. The back of the machine contains the and grills for the cooling program. It acquired an exterior power supply scored at 85W (G4 models) or 110W (pre-2010 Intel models); although they utilized the same connector, energy supplies had been not interchangeable between these versions. The Mac pc mini, up to date on Summer 15, 2010, has been fully redesigned, being thinner than the earlier models at just 1.4 in . (36 mm) tall, but wider at 7.7 inches (196 mm) a side. The fat flower from 2.9 to 3.0 lbs (1.3 to 1.4 kg).

The strength supply can be now inner as compared to exterior. The framework no much longer has the plastic material on the top or base. The newer design, introduced September 20, 2011 provides the same physical proportions but is somewhat lighter, at 2.7 lbs (1.2 kg), most probably because it does not have an inner Compact disc/DVD travel. The present Mac mini will be developed to become opened using a round cover on the bottom level of the computer. Prior variations of the Macintosh mini had been much more challenging to open up.

Some Mac mini owners utilized a or á to pry open up the instances of older versions to obtain gain access to to the inside for installation of cheaper third party memory space updates. The standard Apple Program Source guide for Macintosh mini explains this method in details, including an formal Apple part quantity for a 'customized putty cutlery'. It's also possible to make use of wires to pull the whitened plastic bottom level case out of the metal top situation.

While opening the case does not really actually void the Macintosh mini guarantee, anything damaged while the case is open up is not covered. Additional modifications consist of hard cd disk improvements, the processor chip (H4 just), and improving the wireless networking (for old versions) to. The 2009 model can possess its SuperDrive replaced with a 2nd SATA tough commute. The removal of the optical commute in the 2011 versions leaves inner space for a 2nd internal difficult push or SSD, which can become purchased as a BTO choice from Apple company, or as an upgrade kit from 3rchemical party providers. With the switch to the Intel Core Solo and Duo collection, Apple in the beginning utilized a socketed Central processing unit in the Mac mini that permitted the processor to end up being replaced. They switched to a non-socketed CPU with the 2009 design that did not allow an simple upgrade.

With the Summer 2010 revision, the case can become readily opened to add RAM (except for the Past due 2014 models). House theater The Macintosh mini can end up being utilized for (movie theater) programs. The small impact, multi-format video output, output, and the relatively powerful Intel make it easy to make use of the Macintosh mini as component of a house entertainment program. A 2008 Mac pc mini as a house theater PC demonstrating the software. Current models include an HDMI port for easy link with contemporary televisions and house theatre receivers. It can be categorized as á (HTPC) with somé. The Mac mini does not include an incorporated and cannot be upgraded to install one in house; accessing Television requires external devices like 's i9000 EyeTV USB adaptér or SiIiconDust's networked Television tuner which will encode and handle broadcast television from a cable connection or satellite television recipient.

The Come july 1st 2011 model lacks a built-in CD/DVD player and Operating-system Times Lion simply no longer supports remote handle software. Pre-2009 Mac mini versions experienced a movie connection which has been suitable with, (video only), and with the appropriate adapter. Audio is provided by a mixture jack port that uses both mini- (analog) and wires (electronic).

Unlike the, the Mac pc mini can be with tvs that have got only composite or S-Video inputs. As of the Come july 1st 2011 revising of the Mac pc mini, the pc sports an Intel HD3000 graphics processor with an various Radeon obtainable and which can make solving high-resolution video much quicker and effective.

The addition of an HDMI port simplifies linking the Small to high-definition tv sets and home theater. Because of the related, HDMI slot, remote control IR recipient, and press browser interface, some customers notice the Mac mini as an substitute. It offers both for mass media rental, buy, and management, and a indigenous user interface with Entrance Row, based on the user interface of the authentic Apple TV. The Apple TV is restricted to video clip in the file format, whereas Mac mini customers making use of the appropriate can watch other movie formats like, and the (Mkv) box, or almost all additional formats making use of an open source player like as, without turning to.

The current Intel models of Mac mini can screen video clip via the HDMI port at a maximum resolution of 1920x1200 and upward to 2560x1600 via the Mini DisplayPort with a suitable monitor. The Macintosh mini can furthermore operate third-party front-end mass media player applications for Mac OS Back button, such as or, to be used as a (HTPC).

1stestosterone levels era (PowerPC H4) The specs below are from Apple company's 'tech specifications' web page, except where noted. Processors The Mac pc mini H4 utilized single-core procéssors with 512 of on-chip L2 cache. The processor chip accessed memory space through the, which had been clocked at 167 MHz. The chips in these versions of Mac mini ran át either 1.25, 1.33, 1.42, or 1.5. It furthermore acquired an ATI graphics processor chip with 32 of DDR SDRAM in the standard versions, which was upgraded to 64 MB VRAM in the high-end version of the final Mac pc mini H4 in 2005. Memory space The Mac mini Gary the gadget guy4 utilizes 333 MHz DDR SDRAM, allows a optimum of 1 of memory, and provides just one desktop DIMM slot machine for.

Screen recorder for mac free with audio. Movavi’s advanced screen recorder for Mac is compatible with OS X 10.7 or higher as well as any MacBook model, including Air and Pro. Download a free trial version of our video recorder for Mac today for trouble-free screen recording on your Mac. For Mac: Screen Recorder, Audio Recorder Apowersoft is excellent tools compare to QuickTime Screen recorder for your Mac OS X Yosemite, Mavericks and Lion. With this software program, you can capture Region of Screen, Full Screen or Web Camera.

This limits both the maximum amount of obtainable memory, which can significantly reduce overall performance by driving the system to web page to the difficult cd disk, and, since the program is unable to consider benefit of double channels, optimum bandwidth. This concern was resolved in the Intel versions of Mac mini by making use of two notebook computer DIMM slot machines. Storage The Mac mini G4 uses a single 2.5-inches /100, which offers a maximum transfer rate of 100 /s. Because of its covered housing, it is definitely not possible to enhance the hard push without starting the box and possibly voiding the guarantee of the program. The Mac pc mini Gary the gadget guy4 also consists of a second wire that connects to the optical push. A had been incorporated as regular, while a able to create to has been also an option.

External connection The original Macintosh mini includes two and one slot. Is supported with and V.92 modem ports, while and had been additional build-to-order options. The modem had been later omitted from the Mac mini, but an external modem remained an option.

External displays are supported via a slot. Adaptors are usually also available for,.

The program includes a built-in loudspeaker and an analog 1/8-inch stereo Mini jáck for sound óut at the báck of the casé. In the final modification of the Macintosh mini H4, the inner was improved to support the AirPort Wi-Fi and Bluetooth technologies onto one chip. In previous models, the Mac mini included an AirPort Extreme card recorded to the mezzanine board and a distinct Bluetooth module. This fresh Wi-Fi cards also simply no longer uses an MMCX-Female connection for the anténna (as the prior models did) but rather a proprietary Apple one.

Specs Obsolete Component Model Early 2005 Mid-2005 Past due 2005 Discharge date January 11, 2005 July 26, 2005 September 27, 2005 Order quantity M9686./A, M9687./A Meters9686./N, Meters9687./T, M9971./T Meters9687./W, Michael9971./W, MGEN2LL/A Design identifier PowerMac10,1 PowerMac10,2 Design number A1103 1.25 GHz or 1.42 GHz PowerPC G4 (7447A) 1.33 GHz or 1.5 GHz PowerPC H4 (7447A) 64 KB M1, 512 KB D2 (1:1) 167 MHz one Memory slot 256 MB of 333 MHz Expandable to 1 GB 512 MB of 333 MHz DDR SDRAM Expandable to 1 GB ATI Radeon 9200 images processor with 32 MB of DDR SDRAM. ATI Radeon 9200 images processor chip with 32 MB or 64 MB of DDR SDRAM. Back again board of a late 2009 3,1 model Mac mini. From remaining to right, first line: energy button, 10 venting holes, slot machine, audio in, audio out. 2nd line: DC in, 5 slots Storage Unlike the Mac pc mini H4, the Intel-based Macintosh mini utilizes a for memory. The primary Intel-based Mac pc mini utilizes 667 MHz, while versions beginning with the early 2009 modification make use of 1066 MHz. From the 2011 revising onwards, the Mac mini facilitates up to 16 Gigabyte of storage.

While all variations of the Mac pc mini up to and including the 2012 revising supports consumer upgradeable memory space after buy, the current model does not really, because the memory is usually soldered to the reasoning panel. Since the integrated graphics processor chip does not really possess its personal dedicated memory space, the program shares some of the major system memory with it. Storage space The Intel-based Mac mini moves aside from the formerly used /100 to the newer user interface, which offers a maximum 3 Gbit/s i9000 transfer price, however all versions of Intel Macintosh mini have got been limited to 1.5 Gbit/s actually though the SATA regular facilitates a exchange of 3 Gbit/h. All models carry on to make use of 2.5-inch as opposed to the 3.5-in . drives uséd in standard désktops. A machine version of the Mac mini was launched in Oct 2009, which omits the optical commute in favor of a 2nd hard get for a total of 1 of storage.

A had been initially offered as standard, with the getting an option, but through the 2010 models, all versions that have an optical travel include the SuperDrive as standard. The 2010 regular version of the Mac pc (without Server) arrives with a 300 Gigabyte or on 2.66 GHz 500 GB of storage space.

External connectivity The first Intel-based Macintosh mini includes four ports and one interface. Is backed with a built-in interface and an incorporated 802.11b/g AirPort cards. Bluetooth had been also made standard. External displays are usually backed through a interface. While the Mac pc mini G4 facilitates just analog audio result, the Intel-based Mac mini provides separate / that support both analog sound insight and result as nicely optical digital insight and output. The slots were transformed with the early 2009 modification. A 5th port has been included and the FireWire 400 interface was changed with a FireWire 800 port.

The AirPort card had been improved to and later on to. Had been also upgraded from 2.0 to 2.1. Instead of a single full-size port, a interface was added along with a link, which enables dual screen support.

Unlike the port, the Mini DisplayPort supports external shows with a resolution up to 2560×1600, which allows use of the 30-inch Cinema DispIay with the Mác mini. As óf this revision, the will be no more time incorporated with the Macintosh mini. The Mac pc mini 2009 design gave access to 3 various USB busses on the back again.

Port 2 stocks a USB coach with the IR connection. Slots 1+5 and 3+4 are usually each on their own USB shuttle bus. So it should be achievable to obtain a throughput óf 3x480=1440 Mbit/beds. Specifications Obsolete Component Model Early 2006 Past due 2006 Mid-2007 Early 2009 Late 2009 Release date February 28, 2006 September 6, 2006 August 7, 2007 March 3, 2009 Oct 20, 2009 Purchase number MA205./A, MA206./A MA607./A, MA608./A MB138./A, MB139./A MB463./A, MB464./A MC238./A, MC239./A, MC408./A Model identifier Macmini1,1 Macmini2,1 Macmini3,1 Design number A1176 A1283 1.5 GHz Intel Core Solitary (Capital t1200) or 1.66 GHz Intel Primary Duo (T2300) Upgradable up to an Intel Primary 2 Duo 2.33 GHz Capital t7600 processor chip. 1.66 GHz (T2300) or 1.83 GHz (Testosterone levels2400) Intel Primary Duo UpgradabIe up to án Intel Core 2 Duo 2.33 GHz Testosterone levels7600 processor.

1.83 GHz (Testosterone levels5600) or 2.0 GHz (Capital t7200) Intel Core 2 Duo Upgradable up to an Intel Primary 2 Duo 2.33 GHz T7600 processor chip. Mac pc mini 2010 front watch of optical commute Structure Beginning from the middle 2010 modification, there is a removable panel on the bottom level, enabling the user to upgrade the. The fresh Macintosh mini provides an all-aluminium enclosure, known as unibody. The unibody manufacturing process has been originally developed for the and later on also used in the ánd, and the before being released into the Mac pc mini range. The built-in energy offer negates the need for an exterior power offer 'packet' utilized on earlier versions. There have got been various other modifications in the 2011 revision. They include the removal of the, mainly because properly as the optical commute.

While the fifth port had been also eliminated, this has given area for a slot to end up being integrated on the back again of the machine. Like the 2009 version, a (which allows for a VGA link, via a non-included cable connection) is definitely integrated. A slot, which Apple company represents as being HDMI 1.4 compliant, replaces the interface on the previous models as one of the primary video link strategies. The HDMI slot supports up to 1080p on HDMI cable connections and 8 channel 24-bit sound at 192 kHz, Dolby Are around 5.1 and stereo system output. With the included HDMI to DVl adapter, for thosé currently using a DVI user interface, the HDMI interface will function with promises up to 1920 × 1200 pixels, while the Mini DisplayPort can concurrently help a quality up to 2560 × 1600 pixels. The late 2014 model will be the very first Macintosh mini to help 4K resolution via HDMI.

Functionality Macintosh mini models launched in late 2014 used dual-core processors, which perform worse in muIti-threaded workloads likened to the quad-core processors from the 2012 model. In the meantime, single-threaded workload functionality increased. Evaluating the higher ends of both produces, the 2012 model utilized a 4-primary, 8-line Intel Core, whereas the 2014 model utilized a 2-primary, 4-line Intel Core. The 2014 model highlighted Intel Iris images (GT3), which significantly outperforms the Intel HD Images 4000 (GT2) in the prior versions.

The late 2014 CPUs had been also more energy-efficient: their maximal thermal style power (TDP) had been 62% lower than that of the 2012 versions. ^, Apple company Inc., from the primary on September 19, 2011, retrieved September 20, 2011. ^, Apple company Inc., from the primary on Come july 1st 19, 2011, retrieved Come july 1st 20, 2011. ^, Apple company Inc., from the original on Come july 1st 27, 2011, gathered Come july 1st 20, 2011. ^.

From the primary on Sept 24, 2014. Gathered Nov 3, 2017., iFixit, November 7, 2014, from the authentic on Sept 9, 2015, retrieved Summer 16, 2015.

The Economist. From the first on December 9, 2017.

Gathered Dec 9, 2017., BBC Information, January 11, 2005, from the original on Jan 3, 2015, retrieved January 2, 2015. ^ Eaton, Package (Summer 15, 2010), from the original on Summer 19, 2010, retrieved August 22, 2010., Apple Press Details, Oct 20, 2009, from the primary on Jan 11, 2009, retrieved Jan 2, 2015., AppleInsider, from the unique on November 18, 2014, gathered November 23, 2014., Dec 29, 2004, from the first on August 7, 2011, retrieved August 22, 2010., BBC News, January 11, 2005, from the primary on January 11, 2009, gathered August 22, 2010. Simon, William L.; Little, Jeffrey H. Image: Steve Work opportunities, The Greatest Second Work in the Background of Business. Crothers, Brooke (Summer 27, 2009), from the first on September 6, 2009, retrieved August 22, 2010. Frakes, Dan (Nov 3, 2009), from the initial on Summer 16, 2010, retrieved June 22, 2010., Macminicolo.internet, September 2013, from the original on Feb 2, 2017, retrieved November 30, 2017. From the initial on Summer 8, 2016.

Gathered November 3, 2017. Gathered October 30, 2018., Apple Inc., Nov 8, 2014, from the unique on Feb 5, 2015, retrieved Feb 4, 2015. Frakes, Dan (January 20, 2005), from the primary on July 4, 2008, gathered August 22, 2010., Nov 1, 2006, aged from on Feb 12, 2008, gathered Summer 22, 2010. ^ (PDF), Apple Inc., 2009, g.

Bluetooth Speakers For Mac Mini

60, (PDF) from the primary on Mar 31, 2010, retrieved August 22, 2010, If you open up your Mac pc mini or install items, you risk harming your equipment, and like harm isn't protected by the restricted guarantee on your Macintosh mini. Skype for business can sign in on mac os.

SUCESS: Notes on Installing SSD in 2011 Mac pc Small hi all, I replaced thé HD in my mác mini with á OWC EIectra SSD 6G. Fan rate the same after; there is usually no sensor to get worried about. Create certain to eliminate black plastic cover off of outdated hard drive before pulling SATA wire out of outdated HD; usually you won't end up being able to. The OWC video clip guide is excellent, but you wear't want to draw out the motherboard; there can be just sufficient area to slide the previous HD out and the brand-new one in.

Installing Lion over the Web with Int Recovery worked well, but I got to modify my wireless system from WPA2 security to WPA ánd disable uPNP; not sure why. Proceed with many fundamental/compatible settings.

After Lion downloaded (4 hrs), it installed in 4.2 a few minutes flat. Jaw-dropping velocity. Thanks a lot all, d. Hi everyone, 3 questions make sure you: 1. It is usually described that the HDD provides 2 anchoring screws to unscréw but from thé images I fall short to discover where these screws are situated.

Can you make sure you get rid of some even more lighting on thieir precise locations? I got the Mac pc Mini Server 2011 so question is certainly if I want to substitute one of the pushes with SSD push, which one óf the pre-instaIled push should I change with the SSD drive? Which SSD generate wire to use? Would I need additional parts to keep/wrap thé SSD só it'll suit nicely? Your Questions: 1. The 2 anchoring screws holding the HDD in location are in fact 2 of the anchoring screws that furthermore hold the antenna dish in place (the 2 closest to the edge of the antenna dish).

The teardown gIosses ovér this, but as soon as the antenna dish is eliminated, the HDD anchoring screws are furthermore out there. I think there are usually just peg holders for one travel; so I would install the rótary hd in thé pegged slot machine, and then the SSD, which is certainly lighter and less subject to vibration, maybe on the bottom level making use of some removable mounting tape. You'll use the cables currently in your machine model.

Simply because considerably as forces, I've done a lot of study and nearly any SandForce 2281 control 6Gc travel should do nicely. I'm making use of the OWC EIectra 6g. I like OWC because they test all of their devices across the Mac pc lineup. Hope this assists, m - Add a comment. Once you consider the server version apart, you'll be capable to find what the 2nd disk cable connection appears like. It will furthermore be fascinating to notice if the i7 quad-core will be much larger than the CPUs set up in this design.

Off-topic, i am sorry: I look at the dimension of the mothérboard and can énvision a Mac pc blade machine using the quad i actually7 with the MBA storage get for booting. The mini'h have got Thunderbolt so link of RAIDs not really a problem.

Expand Memory ability to 4 slots and you could have half a 5U rack with 1-2 dozen mini blades with the various other half holding a lot of devices.Information on Enthusiast Velocity 2011 Mini Noise Degree. I've possessed both the 2010 base model simply because nicely as the 2011 Radeon design of the mác mini, so l wished to write-up some responses about the exhaust system lover an noise degree. As read from iStatPro program monitoring tool, there are at minimum 10 temperature readout places inside the mác mini.

Good Speakers For Mac Mini

Both thé 2010 and 2011 versions single fans bored at around 1800REvening, when the temperature of the processor chip is definitely around 70 deg C, and HD can be around 33 deg M (and Radeon GPU core around 65 dec M in 2011 model). RPMs boost linearly mainly in response to CPU temperature; at medium CPU load at 74dC, it increases to 2800RPM, which is lightly audible; at reasonably heavy Central processing unit fill, 78dM, it inc tó 3500, which is definitely minorly annoyingly clear; at full CPU load it goes past 80dChemical and 4000rpm, which is certainly quite loud by mac mini specifications. This has been uncommon in my 2010 M2Duo, and is certainly rare in my 2011 primary i actually5 2.5ghz; generally, in my 2011 model, CPU use hovers around 30% across the cores, actually under very heavy insert. When gaming, the GPU will get as hot as 74dChemical, but the CPU is not at complete capability, and the lover usually rests at around 2900REvening which can be pretty noiseless. This was in max quality, highest fine detail video game (Bioshock for Macintosh). Relating to replacing thé HDD with a nón-apple SSD, Lover speed the exact same after; there is definitely no special HDD sensor to get worried about. According to the témp readouts from iStatPró, the hard drive temperature is still being study in the 2011 mini, most likely via the T.M.A.R.Testosterone levels.

2011 Mac Mini For Sale

Hdd interface. It's uncertain if the mini'beds one primary exhaust enthusiast aspects this temp into its rotation quickness.

My SSD by no means changes in temperature by even more than a several degrees D. Wish this assists regarding noise level concerns!

Posted on  by  admin